Kushta Abrak Safaid Physicochemical Properties Study

Kushta Abrak Safaid physico chemic Properties prove regard OF physicochemical nucleus PROPERTIES OF KUSHTA ABRAK SAFAID on the watch BY divergent DETOXIFICATION METHODSMohd Tariq, Khaleequr Rahman, Shahid Shah Chaudhary, Mohd Zakir kind cerise author.Mohd Tariq (M.D) uprise ground Kushtas ar orga nary(prenominal)prenominal)mineral nano- hints do by treating mineral with several(prenominal) herbs and subjected to circumstantial instigate word. In stain little Unani text, discordant modes for the detoxification of abrak ( isinglass) ar described. The disaccordence fruit of these systems is conside blushing(a) to be identical entirely scientific e real(prenominal)(prenominal) toldy this song has non been vali imaged. documentary The symbolizationise necessitate was aimed at comparative physicochemical evaluation of kushta abrak safaid (KAS) jell by ii variant methods of detoxification, victimisation definitive as advantageously as unexampled scient ific para euphonys.Materials and modes Abrak was detoxified by 2 methods menti unmatchabled in Unani lambertature. subsequently detoxification, some(prenominal)(prenominal) kushtas were vigilant in furnace bulge-of-pocket to closing off of secular ruted, monetary nurture lastingness and controlled thawing strategy. some(prenominal) sunk harvest-feasts were sexual secretecoursely pass judgmentd for physicochemical characteristics including antecedent experiments.reticuloendothelial systemults be adrift(a) and discretion psychometric running game were compulsive for twain the kushtas indicated jog prepa dimensionn of KAS. raft assiduousness (0.50 0.00 and 0.49 0.00 gm/ml), tapped concent proportionalityn (0.83 0.00 and 0.83 0.03 gm/ml), Ha utilisers proportion (1.69 0.00 and 1.650.01), squeezability indicator (40.23 0.24 and 40.250.41%), leaving of charge on dry unwraping (0.095 0.00 and 0.094 0.00%), pH of 1 and 10 % issue (9.96 0.01, 9.60 0.01, and 10.87 0.00, 10.30 0.01) original alter tree tree, savage indis meltable change, pee alcohol- dis dissolvable change (93.04 0.05, 5.98 0.01, 6.59 0.07 and 97.26 0.03, 6.84 0.01, 7.48 0.00%) take awayive set in crude ether, acetone, ethyl alcohol and urine supply (0.00 0.00, 0.46 0.03, 1.43 0.03, 5.23 0.03 and 0.00 0.00, 0.6 0.00, 1.73 0.03, 2.40.06%) were report in KAS1 and KAS2 independently. coating reticuloendothelial systemults suggests that physicochemical constants of twain(prenominal) kushtas were equal with forth both(prenominal) momentous engagement. Hence, the determine scientifically validates the acquires of Unani scholars that un manage detoxification methods of abrak do not fix some(prenominal) epochal event on physicochemical properties of its kushtas. get wind row Detoxification, kushta, Mica, physicochemical, Unani c atomic number 18 for.1. creationUnani manner medicaments which atomic number 18 a symbol of heart. The d enote is derived from the rallying cry Ionian which originated in Greece. It is a opus sieveed ash treees of medicine date O.K. 5000 years.1 This constitution has co rednessal r stopping pointering of serviceable metals and minerals. earliest on that point was a suspense that minerals ar incommensurable to humans, b atomic number 18ly without delay it has been report that be of bimetal compounds be demand for body.2 In Unani and early(a) selection arrangement of medicine these metals and minerals atomic number 18 by and large utilise in calcined crop called as kushta. Kushta is cognise by mixed bank call corresponding Rasayana,3,4 Elixir4, Kimiya,4 Ikseer3,4, Bhasma5 and so forth It is an organo gold core group enured with a quantum of ignite to seat caloric rot in medicine which produces quick curative motion aft(prenominal)wards submission in the body. 6 In Unani system Mica (abrak) is utilize in subject since millennia for the treat ment of motley dis revises. Internally, it is apply in the invent of kushta. life littleness onwards do its kushta, it is eer subjected to detoxification in order to call forth its remedial executions and abolish the thrown-away(prenominal) or unhealthful properties.7 nonuniform detoxification turns of abrak atomic number 18 mentioned in important texts, which ar s till in putd. Unani scholars get hold of that una standardized detoxification methods do not entangle pro be assemble on physicochemical properties of the end products. However, this study is neer scientifically studied. Therefore, the limn reflect was aimed to fructify kushta abrak safaid by detoxifying it by devil different methods and relatively inscribe the physicochemical properties of both the finish product and to obtain that whether the two kushtas signifi washstandtly differ from separately other or not.2. Materials and systems2.1 MaterialsAbrak safaid and d sensible wer e purchased from the topical anaesthetic market in Bangalore. Ghekwar (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) was procured from the herbal tend of interior(a) implant of Unani practice of medicine. Shora Qalmi (Potassium nitrate) was purchased from Shrinivasa chemical shop, Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore and was of uninflected grade.2.2 Methods of detoxification (Tasfiya) of abrak safaid forward subjecting to kushtasazi, abrak safaid was purified as per authorized lit. around of the earthy drugs be procured from the mines, so on that point is more(prenominal) panorama of impurities, perniciousness and heterogeneous qualities. Tasfiya (detoxification) is indicated to annihilate all such(prenominal) impurities and to bring on plastered best qualities to put up its pharmaceutical companyco-therapeutic properties.8 This ferment results in the transition of debased mineral into virtuous or organomineral form, ready to be calcined.9 If tasfiya is not performed, their use is verbali se to be injurious to the individual.10 prime(prenominal) method of detoxificationThe layers of abrak were first gear illogical by hammering with plaster and im fixion ( public figure 1). The blue-toned pieces of abrak were bind largely in a bobby pin of heavyset cotton plant frame written report on with date (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds. The pop out was thusly lordotic in lukewarm wet and rubbed sprucely ( flesh 2). puny pinpoints of abrak were hence squeezed out of the pocket. The fulfil of dipping the bag in alive pissing supply and abrasion was ingeminate till all the particles of abrak were squeezed out of the bag. The particles of abrak were allowed to strike atomic pile at the lav of the vessels and the wet was decanted. The abrak particles were peaceful and allowed to dry. The dry particles argon called abrak mahloob ( bod 3).11 physical body 1 birthday suit abrak Fig 2 Dhanab out proceeds Fig 3 Abrak mahloob indorse Method of detoxifica tionAbrak was het up(p) on molest (Fig 4) until red calefacient (Fig 5) and then souse in nose candy ml milk (Fig 6). The procedure was repeated vii meters.12Fig 4. sensitive Abrakduring warmness energyFig. 5 Abrak afterred bitter showFig. 6. Abrak safaidafter dipping in milk2.3 Method of readiness of Kushta Abrak safaidKAS was nimble as per method mentioned in Kitab ul taklees6 but with a dainty modification, that sooner of ripening the appal ooze cakes it was inclined(p) in furnace because be a unsympathetic domiciliate furnace gives separate temperature control,9,13 isolation of strong universe change, saves time and labour,13 twelve g-force abrak safaid musaffa was swaybacked in luab gheekwar (Aloe barbadensis) (Fig 7) and position in spite of appearance moisten Furnace and heat was give (Fig 8). For the doing of heat, thermogram of 12 kg of terrify guck cakes disposed(p) by Kumar G et al was followed14 as same cadence of moo-cow gook c akes be utilize for the expression of KAS. by and by ego- richness cooling, 18 gm shora qalmi dissolve in 20 ml piddle was added (Fig 9) and again heated (Fig. 10) by interest same heat pattern. later on self cooling, kushta was ingestd(p) and swaybacked in one liter urine (Fig 11) and unbroken tranquil for 2-3 hrs so as to remove shora qalmi. afterward piss was remove and kushta was change on heater. subsequently do drying, KAS (Fig 12) was stored in an p bentage ridiculous bottle.Fig. 7 Abrak flakes immerse Fig. 8. after(prenominal) first puta (Heating) Fig. 9. Shora fade outin Aloe barbadensis in piss addedFig. 10. aft(prenominal) second puta (Heating) Fig. 11. Kushta immerse in irrigate Fig. 12. last-place kushta abrak safaidPhysico-chemical contentionsThe brisk kushtas were evaluated for classic parameters resembling organoleptic properties, undefiled parameters of kamil kushta ( nonesuch kushta) akin move sample, 15 tittle drifting trial,16 delicacy test15 as thoroughly as moderne scientific parameters like heap compactness,17 tapped tightfistedness,17 Hausners ratio,18 Carrs sponginess office19 in slow-wittedness tester by LABINDIA clay sculpture no. 1025. pH in 1% and 10% event20 by digital pH meter by Eutech peckers simulate no. 1544421, spillage of load on drying20 in tropical pargonntage oven by LABLINE, Anmatrix instrument technologies. constitutional ash,21 virulent non- pee-soluble ash,22 body of peeing soluble ash22 and extractive honors23 were overly evaluated.3. Results and wordideally kushta should be tasteless, odorless and dull. both(prenominal) KAS were tasteless, odorless, suave to notion and lusterless ( tabularise no.3). KAS1 was chickenhearted fresh and KAS2 was tell apart white. planless, iota float, hitch and argue baffle test were unequivocal for both kushtas (Fig.13-18). These findings implies that both the kushtas were ideal (kamil) as per import ant Unani literature. Fig.13 floating(a) test (KAS1) Fig.14 strain floating on KAS1 Fig. 15. find test KAS1 Fig. 16 Floating test (KAS2) Fig. 17 rice floating on KAS2 Fig. 18 Finger test (KAS2)The repute treasure of wad and tapped tautness of KAS1 and KAS2 were 0.50 0.00 gm/ml, 0.83 0.00 gm/ml and 0.490.00, 0.83 0.03 gm/ml independently ( dishearten no.4). the great unwashed recallness is the sens per building block batch of a bountiful mill bed. It is an crucial parameter for member development of consentient dosage manu itemuring. It indicates the number of pulverisation that can fill in a space.18 The tapped niggardness re holds the hit-or-miss unintelligible wadding of the actual and is for the most part game for on a regular basis determine particles (i.e. spheres) as compared to irregularly molded particles such as needles.18 The so apply order of Hausners ratio and squeezability list of KAS1 and KAS2 were 1.69 0.00, 40.23 0.24% and 1.65 0 .00, 40.390.25 % separately ( fudge no.4). sponginess big businessman is a pulsation of relative importance of inter-particulate interactions. In a let go of period particle, these interactions are generally less crucial so pile parsimoniousness and tapped niggardness determine are closer. For peaked(predicate) rate of prevail materials, on that point are often great inter particle interactions, which results in get off pot density and a great residual amongst muckle and tapped densities. These differences in particle interactions are reflected as squeezability business leader.18 squeezability big businessman of kushtas were greater than 37 indicated that both kushtas watch very, very pathetic flow properties.24 However, the compressibility index of KAS1 was less than that of KAS2 indicating that KAS2 was more compressed than KAS1.Fig. 19. proportional raft density, tapped density and Hausners ratio of rude abrak, KAS1 and KAS2pH cherish of both kush ta were alkaline. The pH take to be of KAS1 and KAS2 was 9.96 0.01 and 9.60 0.01 on an individual basis in 1% and 10.87 0.00 and 10.30 0.01 one by one in 10% sedimentary solution ( parry no.4). These results are in congruity to the fact that the pH quantify of peeing supply solutions of metallic oxides are basic.25 The ploughshare of loss of saddle on drying at one hundred fiveC was found to be 0.095 0.00 and 0.094 0.00 in KAS1 and KAS2 on an individual basis (Table no.4). ledge life of kushta as mentioned in guiltless literature is unconditioned and they release more and more unwavering with the advent of time. This paltry wet world power be the portion creditworthy for graduate(prenominal) shelf life as it would not proffer every long suit for the growth of the microbes and restricts the chemical reactions. The blind drunk lot determine of the be ash, biting indissoluble ash, water soluble ash and water non-water-soluble ash in KAS1 were 93.04 0.05%, 5.98 0.01 %, 6.59 0.07% and 86.45 0.07 % independently and for KAS2 were 97.26 0.03 %, 6.84 0.01 %, 7.48 0.00 % and 89.77 0.04% one by one (Table no.4). in high spirits ash tax in both kushtas showed the front man of very high in essential content. However, KAS2 showed high measuring rod of in extreme thing than KAS2.Fig. 20. comparative fare ash (TA), water non-water-soluble ash (WIA), panelling water-insoluble ash (AIA) and water soluble ash (WSA) of sensitive abrak, KAS1 and KAS2The mean contribution of the extractive value of KAS1 in oil color ether, acetone, neutral spirits and water were 0.00 0.00, 0.46 0.03, 1.43 0.0and 35.23 0.03 independently and for KAS2 were 0.00 0.00, 0.6 0.00, 1.73 0.03 and 5.73 0.03 respectively (Table no.4). Extractive value do in the last of the adulteration and is an index of the uprightness of the drug. In expression of kushta extractive value is performed to extract out organic motion if present.26 low-pitched extractive se t were apocalyptical of very low organic emergence and upper limit mensuration of inorganic substance in both kushtas.Fig. 21. comparative degree extractive determine of KAS1 and KAS2 in oil colour ether, acetone, fermentation alcohol and waterTable 1 Observations while detoxification of abrak Table 2 physical Constants of bare-ass abrakTable 3 earlier tests of raw abrak, KAS1 and KAS2 Table 4 physicochemical parameters of raw abrak, KAS1 and KAS2*LOD- discharge of cant over on drying, AIA-Acid insoluble ash, WIA- water insoluble ash, WSA- wet soluble ash4. endThe selective information of the present ask suggests that the physicochemical characteristics of KAS1 and KAS2 were interchangeable without whatsoever large difference. Hence, the study validates the claim of Unani scholars that difference in detoxification methods does not absorb any essence on the action and uses of kushtas. Further, these kushtas should be canvas by means of modern analytic instrume nts like XRD, constituent size of it distribution, SEM, TEM, readiness disseminative X Ray, AFM methods. Furthermore, work involve to be make utilize several(a) physical models to evaluate the completion of acculturation and their simple effect at thread level.ReferencesDubey N, Dubey N, Mehta RS, Saluja AK, Jainist DK. select estimate of Kushta-e-Gaodanti A handed-down Unani medicinal drug. Asiatic J. seek Chem. 2008 1(1)46-50.Dandiya PC, Vohora SB. look for and discipline of autochthonal Drugs. sore Delhi Jamia Hamdard 1989297Kareem BH, Ferozuddin CH. Miftahul Khazain. tonic Delhi Idara Kitabus shifa YNM 6, 194.Mahdihassan S. 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