Internet Censorship Essay Example for Free

meshing Censorship EssayTh capacity of th information suprhighway has xplodd in th rcnt yars. It ncompasss th ast and th wst, th land and th sa, and eitherthing our human mind could dram of. This is a good thing, right? With th knowldg of th world erect on ons fingrtips, it must b good, right? Sur, if it is usd th right way. A saying gos lik this, Too much of a good thing is bad. It is tru. Th Intrnt dos accommodat a lot of information. In a way, it has too much information. The profit contains certain information that we DONT want minor league to have access of.Some of these unwanted information might be pornography, gambling, and some sensitive issues like homosexuality. So what do we do intimately the material that we dont minors to see? Do we just make some law and erase it from our precious Internet? No. First of all, this would be impossible to do because there is just too much unwanted information. Second of all, this would defeat the purpose of the Internet. In the article The Online Cooperative Publishing Act, it called the Internet the manifestation of humankinds quest for limitless two-way interaction with thought (Cooperative internet).Since there is a vague line of what is appropriate and what isnt, why should there be a straight-cut line of what things should be banned on the Internet. There should be a loose regulation on the content of the Internet that would encourage more interaction with this wonderful tool. Instead of the government dictating what minors should see, parents and teachers should be the ones stepping up and TEACHING minors whats right and whats wrong. To maximise the productivity of the Internet, there must be a balance of restriction and freedom.When that balance is reached, the Internet will fully flourish. why should we protect the Internet? Why should we protect all those pornographic websites? you might ask. The Internet is a wonderful thing. Even the heads of our nation, the President and Vice President, beli eve that the Internet is a powerful educational tool for our children (Family internet). It should not be viewed as an evil thing. Its unique ability to link the worlds knowledge together fulfills any researchers dream.There is no more take to visit dozens of libraries to find everything one needs. Everything is at ones fingertips. With prohibited a doubt, little kids wouldnt need the Internet to do research they dont have any research paper due. One mustnt forget the Internet is not just for research academically. It could be used to research recreationally. One sess research on topic of his interest. A teen male can research about cars. A mom can research on recipes. And a little kid can research on his favorite Disney character.Because of the Internet, a kid can do a lot more things kids before didnt have the privilege of. A kid can know anything and everything around the world, and even out of this world, without leaving the comfort of his home. Anything, anything at all. If t he Internet is censored, a large amount of these wonderful knowledge will not be accessible anymore. Although censorship does not mean a complete ban, there is no measure at the present that can effectively restrict access and still not forget out good website.According to a study done by Electronic Privacy Information Center, the filtering programs block 95-99 percent of the material available on the Internet that might be of interest to young people (Faulty internet). I am not defending the protection of pornographic websites. Neither am I advocating an easier access to pornography. I just want to point out the fact that websites dedicated to pornography is only a very small persona of the Internet. If we use the inefficient censorship products out there, we will miss out a lot of the goods that the Internet has to offer. The Supreme Court believes the same.When the Supreme Court struck down the Communication Decency Act in 1996, it found that the interest in encouraging freedo m of expression in a democratic society outweighs any theoretical but unproven benefit of censorship (Faulty internet). So, should we sacrifice all the goods that the Internet could offer for those measly pornography websites? The Supreme Court dual-lane the same vision for an uncensored Internet when it struck down the Communications Decency Act, a federal law that outlawed indecent communications online. In the ruling, it declare the Internet a free speech zone.

The Day of the Butterfly Essay Example for Free

The Day of the Butterfly EssayHonest, critical but not prejudiced or judgemental comments about Myra having the smell of fruit or her clothes, which objectively spot out her difference from other(a)s but does not judge her with contempt Characterisation -Myra a)Looks awkward (sleepy eyes suggests she is tired or heavy-laden with worry unlike other carefree baby birdren her clothes too big for her suggest she has to take on an adult role when she is too young to do it) b)uncommunicative girl who doesnt fulfill in with the rest of the class c)poor (dress too big for her might be because it has been handed down), parents own fruit shop she smells of ripe fruit. Her future is limited as she will probably have to help her family with the shop d)Immigrant Brown skin, her language is not American in its style please teachermy pal has wet himself e)Has to take on responsibility at a young age and does not have much opportunity to be a child f)Is quite frail and sickly linked to p overty -Helen a)The narrator whose point of view the reader takes b)a person trying to be friendly to Myra.She is trapped amidst her sympathy for Myra and the rest of the class takes the role of an ally c) lives in the country (farm girl), also a little insecure she used to do the same occasion as Myra slowing down in case whoever was behind wanted to talk to her -Class a)A microcosm of society b)A group that has leaders like Gladys Healey who bully students like Myra and suck up others, who act as followers to do the same or face similar marginalisation -Gladys Healey a)The class leader that the other classmates follow )She enjoys wealth and is familiar because she has access to all good things associated with childhood quality clothing -Teacher a)significant female adult character trying to help but in fact, may be more a part of the cause artificiality (birthday party when it is not Myras birthday), persuading the class to play with Myra (because she is remaining out) Do you think you would be very happy, if you were left back there? b)represents the role of adults in social reproduction of class difference Mood Reflective which goes with the narrator reflecting on this childhood experience when she is a lot older This sound children playing on the street made Myras future turn shadowy, turn dark. Imagery -symbol of blue butterfly, symbolising freedom

Effect of pollution on heritage structure Essay Example for Free

Effect of befoulment on heritage structure EssayThis write up is a synopsis to the dissertation ,Effect of defilement on Delhi heritage structure Jantar Mantar. It gives an overview of the contents that the final research paper is likely to cover the exertion of different types of pollutions like air ,light, sound etc. pollutants on the materials applyd for construction of Jantar Mantar also the different techniques to prevent pollution in that area. Keywords Effect, pollutants, techniques, Introduction heritage structures are known as identity of our nation as citizens of this country it is our duty to protect them. Jantar Mantar is one of the important heritage structures in Delhi. We generally use electrical devices or books to get information about time , astrological data, year calendar, position of sun, moon at particular days but in Jantar Mantar this data is conveyed directly through instruments placed their. Aim To study government issue of pollution on Delhis heritage structure Jantar Mantar. Objectives Study of different types of pollutants their frame on structure. To study the different types of pollution level in that particular area. To findout various techniques to preotect the structure from pollution.Scope of study Population in that area its effect on structure. Climatic conditions of Delhi . Study of different types of pollutions like sound pollution ,light pollution their effect on structure. Materials used for structure 1. Properties of materials 2. Amount of usage Timeline slipway to prevent the structure from this damage Limitations of study To study the materials used for construction of Jantar Mantar. Properties of materials . Study of different pollutants their effect on structure. Different types of pollutions affecting structure. Different slipway to control the pollution.Research Questions What is effect of population on the structure? 1. Due to increasing population daily usage of vehicles is increased that is increasing the air pollution level tremendously. What are the materials used for construction? 1. White marble which is used at the top of red sandstone on which scale is Ingraved. What are the different types of pollution affecting structure? 1. Air pollution 2. Sound pollution Different types of pollutants affecting building 1. Sulphur dioxide, sulphates. 2. Nitrogen oxide, nitrates. 3. Chlorides, Carbon dioxide Ozone.If the level of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is increased as much as the most pessimistic predictions, the increase in rainfall irateity this gas will cause is relatively minor. It is the reactions of other pollutant gases, such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, that produce the more acidic rainfall. Sulphur dioxide reacts with water in the atmosphere to produce sulphurous acid (H2SO3). This is what is popularly referred to as acid rain. What are the different techniques to reduce the pollution? Methodology Refrences (n. d. ). Retrieved 09 12, 2013, from b uildingconservation_files www. buildingconservation_files. com

Definition of International Human Resource Management (IHRM)

Definition of International Human Resource Management (IHRM)International Human Resource Management includes the firms work systems and its physical exercise practices. It embraces both individual and collective aspects of quite a little management. It is not restricted to any one style or ideology. It engages the energies of both line and specialist managers (where the latter exists) and typic ally entails a range of messages for a variety of workforce groups. (Boxhall, P. and Purcell, J. 2008).HRM responsibilities includeRecruitment and alternative instruct and developmentHuman resource planningAssessing performance of employees requital and reward systemsInitiatives to align employee developments to corporate strategies.International Human Resource Management (IHRM)Boxall, P. (1992) defined International Human Resource Management (IHRM) as concerned with the man resource problems of multinational firms in foreign subsidiaries (such as expatriate management) or more broadly, w ith the unfolding HRM issues that are associated with the various stages of the internationalisation process. (Boxhall, P. 1992).Mark Mendenhall (2000) sought to be more specific by outlining a number of criteria relevant to a definition of IHRMIHRM is concerned with HRM issues that cross national boundaries or are conducted in locations another(prenominal) than the home country headquarters.IHRM is concerned with the relationships between the HRM activities of organisations and the foreign environments in which the organisations operate.IHRM includes comparative HRM studies e.g. differences in how companies in Japan, Thailand, Austria and Switzerland plan for upgrading of employee skills and so on.What IHRM is notIHRM does not include studies that are focused on issues outside the traditional activities inherent in the HRM function.E.g. leadership style is not IHRM, unless specifically linked to an HRM function developing a selection programme to measure and select global leaders would arguably lie within the domain of organisational behaviour.IHRM does not include studies of HRM activities in single countries.E.g. a news report of personnel selection practices in Saudi Arabia, whether undertaken by an English, German or Canadian researcher, is still a study about domestic HRM in Saudi Arabia. Though such studies may have interest to those who work in international HRM issues, they are essentially examples of domestic HRM research.IHRM approachesEthnocentric key positions filled by nationals of parent companyPolycentric host country nationals recruited to manage subsidiary in their own countryGeocentric best people recruited, whatever their nationalityRegiocentric best people recruited within region in which the subsidiary operates (e.g. EU, USA).IHRM solutionsChoice of IHRM approach depends uponDegree and type of internationalisationType of industry and markets servedCharacteristics of staffCultural preferences.Advantages and disadvantages of a de centr alized approach to IHRMAdvantagesGroups within the subsidiary can gain in statusGroups within the subsidiary become more cohesive, fostering group identityIHRM takes place within a nuance appropriate to the local anesthetic workforce and customersDisadvantagesTendency to become exclusiveLoss of central control, higher administrative costs as HRM function is sent down the lineLoss of organisational control and organisational identityWork and Islamic cultureLatifi (1997) identified the following work-related values of Islamic cultureEquality before GodIndividual responsibility within a framework of cooperation with othersA view that people in positions of power should treat subordinates kindly, as if their subordinates are brothers or sistersFatalism, but also a recognition of personal choiceEncouragement of consultation at all aims of decision-making, from family to the wider community.IHRM and training and developmentTraining and development increases in complexity as MNEs move a broad.Types of training and development depends on a number of factorsThe degree to which management is centralised.The types of workers employed in subsidiaries or joint ventures.The importance of branding, and the extent to which employees are expected to reflect the brand.The cultural expectations of training.In a global company, the training may well be centralised so that suppliers, employees and distributors are aware of the brand image that needs to be communicated.E.g. in Ford training programmes are set up centrally, and then translated and delivered to all main suppliers, subsidiaries and distributors.If, however, a more polycentric approach is taken, then the training may well be far more local, and more in line with the local cultureCross-cultural awarenessSupport provided for employees moving to foreign subsidiariesEnvironmental briefingsCultural orientationCultural assimilationLanguage trainingSensitivity trainingField experience.IHRM and reward strategiesTo design an appropriate reward strategy for employees taking up an international position, may require a number of factors to be considered, includingA knowledge of the laws, customs, environment, and employment practices of the foreign countries.Familiarity with currency relationships and the effect of inflation on compensation.An understanding of the allowances appropriate to particular countries, etc.For example, awareness of employment related enactment in the country of operation is vital to an appropriate international reward structure. India has as many as 45 labour laws at national level and close to four times that at the level of state governments (Kaushik 2006).The main method of drawing up a compensation package is known as the ratio sheet approach.This approach is, according to Reynolds (1986) a system designed to equalise the purchasing power of employees at comparable position levels living overseas and in the home country, and to provide incentives to offset qualitative diffe rences between assignment locations.IHRM and Balance Sheet reward strategyIn order to achieve balance in reward structure, the organisation must take into accountIncome taxes incurred in both home and host countryHousing allowances (which might range from fiscal assistance to employees to providing company housing)Cost-of-living allowances (to adjust differences between home and abroad)Contributions to savings, pension schemes, etc. while abroadRelocation allowances (including the moving, shipping and storage of personal and household items and fly-by-night living expenses)Education allowances for expatriates children (e.g. language tuition and enrollment fees in the host country or boarding school fees in the home country)Medical, emergency and security cover.AppraisalIdentifies individuals strengths and weaknessesReveals organisational obstacles blocking progressProvides feedback to improve human resource planningImproves communication.Cultural variations performance appraisalsD imension generalUSA low contextSaudi Arabia high contextJapan high contextObjective of performance appraisalFairness, employee developmentPlacementDirection of company/employee developmentWho does appraisal? supervisorManager several levels up. Appraiser has to know employee wellMentor and supervisor. Appraiser has to know employee wellAuthority of appraiserPresumed in supervisory role or position. Supervisor takes slight leadReputation important (prestige is determined by nationality, sex, family, tribe, title, education). Authority of appraiser importantRespect accorded by employee to supervisor or appraiser. do co-equallyHow often?Once a yearOnce a yearDevelopmental or periodically once a month. Evaluation appraisal afterward first 12 years

The Nature Of Corruption In India

The Nature Of turpitude In India decadency cannot be delineate easily only if in a deeper sense it is mostly concerned with payoffry and has various forms. Being a global pheno handson, it has progressed and is now intemperate in the Indian orderliness. In India, it is a result of the mash between bureaucrats, politicians and criminals. India has now become a consideration state where everything can be had for a consideration. The f be of officials with an h acest profile is easily countable on fingers. there was a period, bribe was paid for getting wrong things done but now bribe is paid for getting right things done at right time.In an interview with Jitendra Singh and Ravi Ramamurti, professor of international business at Northeastern University, Singh said that In the bad old days, particularly pre-1991, when the License Raj held sway, and by design, all kinds of free market mechanisms were hobbled or stymied, and subversive activity emerged nearly as an illegitimate price mechanism, a shadowy quasi-market, such that scarce resources could still be allocated within the economy, and decisions could get do. Of course, this does not in any way condone the occurrence of such corruption. The fatal part of all this was that while value was captured by some people at the expense of others, it did not go to those who created the value, as it should in a bazar and equitable system.He mentions that there was a distortion of incentives within the economy, as people found unproductive behaviors to be of short-term gains. Thus, utilizing positions of power that could bestow favors became to a greater extent important than bringing out crude ideas and innovations. Even if tried, the process of eradicating corruption leave alone be too low paced and it cannot change overnight. The costs of corruption are rooted in various parts of the economy. Improper infrastructure, of course, is widely recognized as a serious impediment to Indias advancement. Producin g valuable goods is of limited utility if they cannot be transported in a timely fashion, for example. Transparency International estimates that Indian truckers pay something in the neighborhood of $5 billion annually in bribes to keep shipment flowing. Corruption is a monumental tax on Indian growth, Ramamurti said in an interview after the conference. It delays execution, raises costs and destroys the moral fiber.Corruption similarly cripples the driveway to ameliorate poverty in India and to improve the countrys stock of human capital. The rate at which this happens varies tremendously from region to region. Ed struggled Luce, for example, author of In Spite of the Gods The Strange modernise of Modern India, notes that Rates of theft vary widely from state to state in India, with the better states, such as Kerala and Tamil Nadu, getting much than 80% of subsidized political science food to their poor. Meanwhile, in the northern state of Bihar, Indias second poorest with a population of 75 million, much than 80% of the food is stolen.A a some(prenominal) Indian companies, Ramamurti said, such as the Tata group or Wipro, ease up taken the high pass, but most firms find it impossible to get anything done without greasing palms. Wipro, headed by Azim Premji, is Indias third-biggest global tech function provider (behind Tata Consultancy Services and Infosys). In Bangalore Tiger How Indian Tech Up digress Wipro Is Rewriting the Rules of Global Competition, business journa magnetic dip Steve Hamm writes that Wipro is not just a follow, its a quest. That quest, according to some observers, is as a good deal about moral rectitude as it is about business success. For example, according to Hamm, the company pays no bribes and has a zero tolerance policy for corruption.The paradox, Ramamurti said, is that even though Indias faster growth in recent years is the result of fewer governing body controls, most Indian managers would tell you that corruption h as incr alleviationd, not decreased, in tandem. How could this be? The explanation is that faster growth has created new choke points at which politicians and bureaucrats can pull payments, such as land regulation, spectrum allocation or college admissions all of which have become much more valuable in this century. Faster growth has overly raised the frugalal cost to firms of delays in public approvals, giving officials that much more hold-up leverage over private investors.Corruption in India leads to promotion not prison. It is very difficult to catch big sharks. Corruption in India has wings not wheels. As nation grows, the corrupt also grow to invent new methods of cheating the government and public.A survey conducted by Transparency International cites India as far worse than China and refers to her as a country where graft and corruption are among the worst in the world. In a developing country, resources are always scarce and demand greater than supply. The recipients of public services are mostly the poor, illiterate, ignorant and weak. Thus it is the ordinary man who abides most from misgovernment and corruption. barely in India, even the highly educated lack the power to protest. There is no accountability or transparency among public servants and outdated systems like the license-permit-quota-inspector system continue to prosper even in the face of liberalization and globalization. The surfeit of laws and statutes and finenessary powers only provides further breeding ground for bribery and corruption.Recent IncidentsA flush of high-profile corruption scandals has rocked the Indian government in the last few months and is threatening irrelevant investor confidence. The scams include allegations of graft against officials responsible for last years Commonwealth games hosted by New Delhi, a telecom case involving the government underselling mobile-phone licenses for kickbacks that whitethorn have cost the exchequer nearly $40 billion, and a housing scam in which politicians, bureaucrats, and military officials are accused of taking over a plush Mumbai apartment block intended for war widows.Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, whose government has come under fire from opposition parties and the media, has vowed to crack down on corruption. But as the BBCs Soutik Biswas notes, India has a poor record of prosecuting corruption and an even grimmer record on actual convictions.India ranks 87 out of 178 countries on Transparency Internationals 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index. A 2010 report from Washington-based think tank Global Financial Integrity blames Indias poor governance for the tax evasion and corruption, which result in illicit fiscal flows from the country of at to the lowest degree $462 billion. It is an issue which acquires to be tackled, because corruption not only reduces the social acceptability of whatever growth we achieve, but in truth reduces growth, Indias Planning Commission Deputy Chairman Montek Singh Ahluwalia told the World Economic Forum.Some investment analysts say corruption is already a factor in declining foreign investment which has been a key to Indias growth over the last two decades and is worrying domestic investors, too. Foreign institutional investors (FIIs) became net sellers for the first time in January since May 2010, shedding some $1.4 billion in holdings, according to industry data. Were not claiming FII flows are driven apparently by corruption concerns, said analysts from Espirito Santo Securities in Mumbai, but corruption and ensuing political risk has without question become a major concern. Indias surging growth rate of nearly 8.5 percent is also under threat from high inflation, which may further scare off foreign investors.A report from international organizations, including the UN Global Compact, estimates that corruption adds as much as 10 percent (PDF) to the total cost of doing business globally, and as much as 25 percent to the cost of procurin g contracts in developing countries. When it comes to ease of doing business, the World Bank ranks India 134 out of 183 countries in 2011.Corruption also harms poverty-alleviation efforts in India. The World Bank has found corruption the single greatest obstacle to economic and social development.India has a right-to-information law that promises to make government accountable, but whistleblowers have often had a fight on their hands, in several instances paying with their lives. The government has a draft anti-corruption bill scorned by many activists who have coalesced under the banner India Against Corruption. Indian businessmen, too, are calling for effective lawmaking to counter corruption. The most promising drive for change, say some commentators, comes from Indias civil society, with initiatives such as I Paid a Bribe, an online tool where citizens report instances where they have paid or resisted the demand for a bribe.A survey conducted by World Development Report some ye ar ago, business man in surveyed countries said that the main occupation with corruption was that it increases risk and uncertainty .The risk declined dramatically if corruption produced reliable outcome .If all philanderer have to play 10% and could treat of getting their license entrepreneurs could treat this as just one more tax, factor it into their calculations of profit and so could invest with confidence of indisputable gain.The quality of institution seems to be the most important factor for the growth of a countries .If the institution work moderately well, progress is possible even if coin is skimmed off at the top .But if the institution are incapable of enforcing any right, corruption impart hasten economic collapse.So far Indian economic is concerned the slow progress is the result of lack of decision making at higher level .Many politician who take money but could not enforce their will because of powerful lobby of bureaucrats at many place and a democracy like Ind ia ,voice of media ,voice of opposition could suppress the wish of the draw .Causes of corruptionThe causes of corruption are many and complex. Following are some of the causes of corruption. Emergence of political elite who believe in interest-oriented rather than nation-oriented programs and policies. Artificial scarceness created by the people with malevolent intentions wrecks the fabric of the economy. Corruption is caused as well as increased because of the change in the value system and ethical qualities of men who administer. The old ideals of morality, service and money plant are regarded as anachronistic. Tolerance of people towards corruption, complete lack of intense public outcry against corruption and the absence of strong public forum to oppose corruption allows corruption to reign over people. Vast size of population coupled with widespread illiteracy and the poor economic infrastructure lead to endemic corruption in public life. In a highly inflationary economy, l ow salaries of government officials compel them to resort to the road of corruption. Graduates from IIMs with no experience draw a far handsome salary than what government secretaries draw. Complex laws and procedures alienate common people to ask for any champion from government. Election time is a time when corruption is at its peak level. Big industrialists fund politicians to meet high cost of election and ultimately want personal favor. Bribery to politicians buys influence, and bribery by politicians buys votes. In order to get elected, politicians bribe poor illiterate people, who are slogging for two times meal.Corruption is one of the most serious consequences of poor governance. A country with widespread corruption invariably has low investment rates, poor economic growth and limited human development. The public will find their access to the most basic social services severely restricted and the government will find the cost of delivering these services inordinately hig h. Corruption has no positive effects. It hits the poor hardest, it makes a mockery of financial systems and it actively works against the legitimacy of the state. Poverty, development, growth and investment all suffer at the hands of corruption.Source of corruptionIn a country with some 19.5 million public servants, a plethora of outdated and outmoded laws and a conspicuous lack of accountability, it is not difficult for these public servants to use their powers to control the remaining 1,000 million citizens. Within the public service system, a rigid, old make hierarchy means that in actual fact, 90% of these employees are only Class 3 and 4. Thus less than 2 million officers control the set of 1,000 million. As officers, they earn high salaries enriched by numerous perks and privileges but nevertheless, their greatest desire is for further riches. It makes no difference how educated they are they have no respect for democratic values and no grasp of public morality. They will do anything for money. The 17.5 million minor public servants who work under them are exploit as eyemen or left to indulge in petty corruption them.Lack of PunishmentA contributory factor to the growth of corruption in India is that the cases relating to corruption are often handled in a casual and a clumsy manner. Those in hierarchy vested with disciplinary powers shirk duty and slow involuntariness to use their powers against corrupt practices. This may be due to different reasons like political or trade union pressure, vested interests, or sheer ineptitude in handling criminal investigation. The result is that corrupt are rarely caught and even if caught are let off with minor or no penalties. The government officials entrusted with the state of dealing with corruption do it in a most inefficient and lethargic manner and this suits the political leadership which patronizes corruption.The judiciary system is so expensive, dilatory, and inefficient that it takes years and years of corruption cases to be decided. The infamous Harshad Mehta case of organized corruption in the stock exchanges of India, in which small investors lost hundreds of billions of Rupees, has been in courts for almost a decade now and yet there is no indication of its nearing any decision. The result of such inordinate delay is those accuseds often escape penalisation because long time span has an adverse effect on the evidence in a case. The conviction rate in Indian courts is only 6%. There are 300 million cases pending in the Indian courts and average time taken for disposal of cases is from 10-20 years. Justice delayed is justice denied in most cases of corruption.The Benefits of an Open SocietyOne of the inevitable comparisons in any story on rapidly developing economies is that between India and China. China has endured a spate of bad news in recent months regarding the impact of corruption and shoddy oversight on the quality of exported products from cold medication that kil led dozens of people in Latin America to toxic toothpaste to childrens toys coated in lead-based paint.If Chinas initial response was to attempt to characterize much of this as a Western conspiracy against Chinese products and businesses, officials were rather quickly goaded into taking serious action. In July, the government executed Zheng Xiaoyu, who headed Chinas State Food and Drug Administration from 1997 to 2006.The good news in India, compared to China, said Ramamurti, may be that at least the most egregious forms of corruption are exposed by social activists or the media. A more open society, by definition, provides more avenues for oversight, more empowered constituencies to ferret out and disseminate the truth when things go wrong. One big difference, Singh added, comes in the form of the sub judice system. In India, a firm can sue the government and win, which may not be as easy in China. Also, the public at large is much more vocal and active in India. Any group can fil e a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) against a firm, which will frequently get heard in court. Also, it is the case that corporate governance is stronger in India, on average, due to better disclosure and Securities and Exchange Board of India restrictive guidelines. This is true even though there are some fine Chinese firms, and some quite poorly governed Indian firms.Singh ticked off a quick list of additional cultural factors that are to Indias advantage A fierce arguably sometimes to the point of being irresponsible media, both the press and TV a legal system descended from British Common Law like the U.S. which, while hardly perfect, does work reasonably well the existence of certain rights such as freedom of speech strong links with the global economy through, though not solely due to, the non-resident Indian (NRI) community which provides global exposure and a facility with English which makes for easier integration into the global economy.As in other countries, however, there is the nagging line of money corrupting the electoral process and thereby short circuiting, or at least slowing, reform. The business community and the public at large would welcome a reduction in corruption, Ramamurti said, but uncomplete believes this will come to pass. Corruption is endemic in daily life, from things minor to major, and it has become the primary means of funding election campaigns.The really serious problem here, Singh stated, is that the prevalence of corruption in the Indian economy may well have distorted cultural norms within the society. Yet I am also aware of countervailing forces, so I do not want to overstate the case. But to the extent that change in cultural norms will be required to root out corruption, it will take a persistent, long, drawn-out effort. While economic change is easier to achieve, cultural change is much slower and more difficult. This is increase by the rearguard actions of those who are beneficiaries of the experimental con dition quo.Measures to combat corruptionIs it possible to contain corruption in our society? Corruption is a cancer, which every Indian moldiness strive to cure. Many new leaders when come into power declare their determination to eradicate corruption but soon they themselves become corrupt and start amassing huge wealth. There are many myths about corruption, which have to be exploded if we really want to combat it. Some of these myths are Corruption is a way of life and nothing can be done about it. Only people from underdeveloped or developing countries are prone to corruption. We will have to guard against all these crude fallacies while planning measures to fight corruption. Foolproof laws should be made so that there is no room for discretion for politicians and bureaucrats. The role of the politician should be minimized. Application of the evolved policies should be left in the hands of independent commission or authority in each theater of public interest. Decision of the c ommission or authority should be challengeable only in the courts. Cooperation of the people has to be obtained for successfully containing corruption. People should have a right to recall the elected representatives if they see them becoming indifferent to the electorate. Funding of elections is at the core of political corruption. Electoral reforms are crucial in this regard. several(prenominal) reforms like State funding of election expenses for candidates strict enforcement of statutory requirements like holding in-party elections, making political parties get their accounts audited regularly and filing income-tax returns denying persons with criminal records a chance to contest elections, should be brought in. Responsiveness, accountability and transparency are a must for a clean system. Bureaucracy, the backbone of good governance, should be made more citizen friendly, accountable, ethical and transparent. More and more courts should be opened for speedy inexpensive justice s o that cases dont linger in courts for years and justice is delivered on time. topical anesthetic bodies, Independent of the government, like Lokpals, Lokadalats, CVCs and Vigilance Commissions should be formed to provide speedy justice with low expenses. A new Fundamental pay viz. Right to Information should be introduced, which will empower the citizens to ask for the information they want. Barring some confidential information, which concerns national and international security, other information should be made available to general public as and when required. Stringent actions against corrupt officials will certainly have a deterrent impact.Corruption cannot be ignored or swept under the carpet. Its effects are extremely damaging, far-reaching and all pervasive. For third world countries, struggling to emerge from crippling debt and bitter poverty, the struggle is doomed unless and until the atrocious issue of corruption is confronted and effectively addressed.Corruption is not something that a government on its own can eradicate. In any case, political leaders simply use it as a quick, easy way to win votes, making catchy slogans and shallow promises when it suits their political interests. Prime ministers from the late Gulzari Lal Nanda to Atal Bihari Vajpayee declared a war on corruption but achieved absolutely nothing. Is there anyone, then, who can take on this huge task? If the population at large and civil society institutions in particular continue to be indifferent, helpless and resigned in the face of corruption, then the answer is no. The first prerequisite is for the public and its institutions to be do to fight. The second is to scrap or rationalize all obsolete and outdated laws, something the government alone cannot do since such laws currently serve to keep the status quo.A genuinely committed judiciary working with civil society institutions can take on this task. India is a land of tremendous contrasts, not least in the way she cheri shes such values as sacrifice and spirituality, points proudly to their prominent place in her past and boasts of her rich cultural heritage and the honesty and purity that were an essential part of it. But in the 21st century, such values remain very much in the past and India has become an sticky by word for dishonesty, hypocrisy and money grabbing. What has happened to those old values? Is there some covert destruction of these values going on undetected?We need a true diagnosis of the root causes of the erosion of these values and this is something our academics must do. Only then is there any hope of an eventual lasting solution. At present the public perception is that corruption is a way of life, unavoidable, something you have to endure that you cannot survive in India without indulging in corruption in one form or the other. People are so used to this life of corruption that they have lost all interest in doing anything about it. We cannot construe to businesses, industri al houses or management education for help for their entire raison detre is profit. Nor can money solve the problem. Only exceptional individuals can make a difference.In Sweden and Norway, it was sociologists who cleaned up corruption in their countries. In the USA, individual police officers and bureaucrats made sacrifices to streamline and rationalize the system. In China, a cultural revolution changed the people and modify the entire country. But India is a law unto herself. Perhaps a little parable can illustrate this.Some Improvement Some Distance Yet to GoTransparency International monitors corruption globally and puts out an annual report which it refers to as the Global Corruption Barometer. The most recent figures from 2006 provide an elicit perspective on how Indians see progress in the area of corruption. Indians report a substantial reduction in the perceived level of corruption in a number of sectors, according to the most recent report. Improvements encompass educat ion, the legal system/judiciary, media, parliament/legislature and utilities. It should be noted, however, that Indian respondents still indicate that the bulk of sectors highlighted are significantly affected by corruption. These improvements should therefore be understood as a positive sign of progress, but not an indication that the problem of corruption has been solved.How much is left to be done? Some three out of four Indian respondents, on the question of the degree to which their government is competitiveness corruption, answered that the government was either not effective, does not fight at all or actually encourages corruption. Where does business fit into this? Asked to rate the impact of corruption on various spheres of their lives on a scale of one to four, fromnot at all to to a large extent Indians identified political life as the sphere most significantly impacted (2.9), and personal and family life as the least impacted (2.3).They put the business environment sq uarely in the middle (2.6). What institutions are respected? Rating the impact of corruption on different sectors and institutions (on a scale of one to five, from not at all corrupt to extremely corrupt), Indians identified political parties (4.2) and police (4.3) as the most corrupt institutions, with business again near the middle (3.2). The least corrupt institution? The military, at 1.9.Corruption is an intractable problem. It is like diabetes, can only be controlled, but not totally eliminated. It may not be possible to root out corruption completely at all levels but it is possible to contain it within tolerable limits. Honest and dedicated persons in public life, control over electoral expenses could be the most important prescriptions to combat corruption. Corruption has a corrosive impact on our economy. It worsens our image in international market and leads to loss of foreign opportunities. Corruption is a global problem that all countries of the world have to confront, solutions, however, can only be home grown. We have tolerated corruption for so long. The time has now come to root it out from its roots.

Nike Brand Analysis

Nike Brand AnalysisNike grass has been around since the 1960s. This brand has become known as one of the re eddy brands of vaunts gear. This has not happened because of an accident. A lot of work has gone into making this brand what it is instantly. The amount of different brands that Nike makes alleviate them reach out to every kind of soul in the world today. The competition for Nike has also helped them succeed by making them try and stay forward of their competition. excessively if you take a look at their SWOT analysis you can see the different things that make Nike one of the top brands in todays world.The base of Nike began way back in the 1950s. A hybridize coach by the name of Bill Bower adult male was at the University of Oregon training his team. Bill was always looking for a competitive edge for his runners, like nearly of us today look for any advantage we can quarter. Bill said he tested using different shoes for his runners as surface as trying other thing s to try and make his athletes better. Bill tried to contact the shoes manu eventures in attempt to try out his ideas for running shoes. This moreover failed. In 1955 a class runner by the name of Phil Knight enrolled at Oregon. Phil was on the track team under Bill. Phil graduated from Oregon and acquired his MBA from Stanford University. Phil went on to write a paper that talked about how quality shoes could be made over in Japan and they would be cheaper. Phil called a company in Japan and became a distri entirelyor of tiger shoes in the United States of America. Phil sent some tallys of shoes to his old track coach trying to get Bill to buy the shoes. Instead of buying these shoes Bill aimed Phil a partnership to create better running shoes. In 1964 Bill and Phil shook workforce and formed Blue Ribbon Sports. The companies first move was to order three hundred pairs of shoes from the company in Japan. While Bill examined these shoes and tried to make them better Phil was ou t selling the shoes. Bill had his track team at Oregon try out his new creations. This became the foundation of Nike. Due to the fact that Bill and Phil tranquillize had a full time job, they hired Jeff Johnson as their first full time employee. Jeff soon became a invaluable utility man for the company. In 1971 Jeff created brochures, market placeing materials and even shot photos for a catalogue. The very first Blue Ribbon lay in was opened by Jeff. Meanwhile the relationship between Blue Ribbon and the company from Japan was starting to deteriorate. Bill and Phil made the jump to manufacturing and designing their own foot fool. The trade marks swoosh which was introduced at this time. The Nike draw of footwear was unveiled in 1972, during the U.S. Track and Field Trials. One pair of the shoes had a huge impression on a dozen quadruplicate runners that wore the new shoes. These shoes incorporated a new style of soles that that had nubs on them that resembled the ridges of a wa ffle iron. These shoes were also a lot less heavier than virtually running shoes at the time. With the new image Nike started looking for athletes to wear, promote and elevate the new shoes. The first athlete they found was Steve Prefontaine. Prefontaine never lost a race that was over a mile in distance in his college c atomic repress 18er between 1969 and 1973. Prefontaine challenged Bill , Phil and their new company to stretch their talents. In turn Prefontaine became an ambassador for Blur Ribbon Sports and Nike. In 1975 Prefontaine died at the age of 24, but his spirit unflurried lives on within Nike. Prefontaine became the soul of Nike. When 1980 hit Nike entered the stock market and became a publicly traded company. Once this happened many of the people that started the company moved on with their lives. This included Phil Knight who resigned from his president spot for over a year. In the mid-1980s Nike started to slip from top of its industry. This started to channelize when Michael Jordan released a new shoe through Nike. When this happened Nikes bottom line got a boost. In 1988 the slogan that we all know today Just do it was introduced as a way for Nike to build on its momentum from their Revolution campaign. The Just do it campaign included three advertisements in which a young athlete by the name of Bo Jackson was involved in. By the end of the decade Nike was at the top of their industry once again. The 90s brought a series of outreach for Nike. At this point in time Nike deepened their commitment into others sports such as soccer and golf. In 1995 Nike signed the whole World Cup wining Brazilian National Team. This also allowed Nike to create jerseys for the team. Nike also landed contracts with both the mens and womans teams for the United States. The biggest thing that Nike was criticized for was when they signed a young golfer by the name of Eldick Tiger Woods for huge deal. All of the competition said this was a dumb idea till Tiger won the 1997 Masters by a point 12 strokes. In 2000 a new shoe was introduced. This shoe went by the name of the Nike Shox. This shoe combined more than 15 pertinacious time of dedication and perseverance. Nike is still the industry leader in their markets and continues to grow more and more each year around the world. This company exit have much more to offer in the future.Nikes products do not just cover one argona like some companies products. Nike prides itself in having a product for most every sport out there. Also they do not just stick to shoes. They also produce everything from socks and compression shorts to sunglasses and hats. Nikes first products started with track shoes. Today they still are huge into the shoe industry but Nike also makes jerseys, shorts, baselayers etc. Nikes products never stop involving. As a person who wears a lot of Nike gear, my best-loved thing about the brand is that they always find a way to make the products better. Take their basketball sh oe line for example. When Nike made their first pair of basketball shoes they probably had no idea what they were doing. Today Nike has one of the best lines of basketball shoes out there with the Air Jordan line. These shoes are always light weight and they feature great support and breathable leather which are both needed in a unsloped basketball shoe. Also Nike makes their products stand out with their brilliant use of colors and unique designs. Everyone in todays society unavoidablenesss to be seen in the swoosh. In 2009 Nike introduced the Nike+ products and teamed up with Apple. This allows runners to sink their shoes with their IPods and it will allow them to see how far they have run, how many calories they have burned and also keeps time for them. Nike has also done this with their basketball shoes which allow assembleers to connection up through their IPods again. However this new design helps measure a players vertical, quickness, and other aspects of their game. Nikes products keep improving with the time and there is no end in sight to what Nike can do with their products.Nike has many competitors in their industry. These companies include but are not limited to Puma, Underarmor and Addidas. These competitors drive Nike to strive for new innovations every day. Nike competes with Addidas in the basketball market. Nike owns over 80% of U.S. basketball market to as where Addidas owns only about 14%. Addidas is trying to keep up with Nike in innovation but is having a really hard time in doing so. Nike and Underarmor are major competitors in the work out clothing industry. Both of these companies make very good products that will help an athlete get better in their sports. In this industry I would have to give the advantage to Underarmour because when you go to a lyceum you always see people working out in Underarmor clothes. Puma and Nike compete in the shoes market. They are both big in the track shoes industry. Both of these companies make extr emely comfortably light weight shoes. If you watch the Track and Field events at the Olympics you will see most runners are wearing Nike shoes or Puma shoes. In this competitive match up I would have to say Nike has the clear edge. If you look at the early(prenominal) Puma use to have every track athlete in a pair of their shoes. Over the past decade that has shifted towards the shoes that are produced Nike. Nike has the boilers suit competitive advantage in their industry.The people that buy Nike brand differ immensely. The target Market for Nike clothing and other accessories are people between 18-35 years of age. Some characterists about the people that buy the Nike brand include many things. One main thing for most of the Nike customers are that they watch or play a lot of sports. This is said because Nike uses major sports icons to promote their products. These athletes include Lebron James, Tiger Woods, Mia Hamm and many more athletes from all different sports. By using thes e athletes it makes people want to wear the brands that their favorite athletes wear. Some more characteristics of Nike consumers are that they are into extreme sports. Nike has come out with the 6.0 line to appeal to the younger generations thrill of extreme sports. These are just a few characteristics that Nike buyers have in common.Nike is a great company in its industry and it will be a very long time till anyone ever knocks them off of the top of their industry. However Nike has had issues with violating Human rights. Their factories are under scrutiny in countries like Mexico and Vietnam. Their factories in Vietnam have been in violation of minimum wage and overtime laws. Nike states that these violations are no longer happening. In the 1990s Nikes use of faced child labor in Cambodia and Pakistanis was be closely monitored. However Nike still has factories in places where the monitoring of child labor has bad regulations.. In 2001 BBC documentary uncovered the use of child l abor by Nike. The documentary was based around 6 little girls, who worked every single day and were all working over 14 hours shifts. In July 2011 Nike admitted that 66% of their factories do not meet regulations for worker treatment.I conducted a SWOT analysis on the Nike Brand. One of Nikes key strengths is their use of popular athletes to help promote their products. The idea behind this is that most individuals will remember what a star athlete is wearing. A major weakness is that the market that Nike operates in is very price sensitive. to the highest degree of Nikes income comes retailers purchasing the products they produce. This indicates that margins tend to get squeezed as retailers try to get low price competition on Nikes products. Opportunities include things such as the constant change in technology. The ability to generate more money by having a wide range of products helps Nike a lot. Nike is not just involved in sports wear they are also in regular clothing and sun glasses. Also Nike has a huge base all over the world which allows them to have a big global market. Finally some of the threats are that the retail sector is becoming substantially price competitive. This means that shoppers are looking around for better deals kinda than just buying the top brands. The consumer now controls the manufacturing. If a consumer wants to find the lowest price on identical products, then they will go store to store in order to find the lowest price.In conclusion Nike has a lot going for it. It started with a track coach and a track runner. This brand has become known as one of the top brands of sports gear. This has not happened because of an accident. A lot of work has gone into making this brand what it is today. The amount of different brands that Nike makes help them reach out to every kind of person in the world today. The competition for Nike has also helped them succeed by making them try and stay ahead of their competition. Also if you take a lo ok at their SWOT analysis you can see the different things that make Nike one of the top brands in todays world. Their number one position in the world is will continue far into the future if they stick with what they know.Work CitedAbout NIKE, Inc.NIKE, Inc. -. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. .History Heritage.NIKE, Inc. -. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. .Nike, Inc.Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Oct. 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. .

philosophy 101 :: essays research papers

A professor stood before his Philosophy 101 class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise reorganise and proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full? They agreed that it was.So the professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles, of course, rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then asked the students once more if the jar was full. They agreed it was.The professor picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else. He then asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous - - yes.The professor then produced two cans of beer from under the table and proceeded to pour the entire contents into the jar effectively filling the empty blank space between the sand. The students laughed."Now," said the professor, as the laughter subsided, "I want you to recognize that this jar represents your conduct. The golf balls are the fundamental things - - your family, your partner, your health, your children, your friends, your favorite passions - - things that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full.""The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car. The sand is everything else - - the small stuff.""If you put the sand into the jar first," he continued, "there is no path for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for your life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical to your happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your partner out dancing. Play another 18.